Decentralized finance, or “DeFi,” is a burgeoning ecosystem of financial protocols built on Ethereum that lets users do everything from lending and borrowing crypto to earning interest on their digital assets.
While DeFi protocols have been around for a few years, they exploded in popularity in 2020 as the value of Ethereum (ETH) surged and more users began flocking to the space in search of yield.
So what exactly is DeFi? In this explainer, we’ll break down everything you need to know about this growing ecosystem of financial protocols and applications.
What is decentralized finance?
Decentralized finance, or “DeFi,” refers to the shift from traditional, centralized financial systems to peer-to-peer finance enabled by decentralized technologies built on the Ethereum blockchain.
With DeFi protocols, anyone with an Internet connection can access financial services that have traditionally been controlled by central intermediaries like banks, brokerages, and exchanges.
By deploying smart contracts on Ethereum, DeFi developers can build decentralized applications (dapps) that let users lend, borrow, trade, and invest digital assets without having to go through a middleman. And because these protocols are built on the Ethereum blockchain, they are available anywhere in the world 24/7.
What are the benefits of decentralized finance?
The rise of DeFi protocols has unlocked a world of new possibilities for crypto users. For example, with MakerDAO’s Dai stablecoin, users can take out loans backed by crypto collateral without having to go through a traditional lending institution.
Compound lets users earn interest on their cryptocurrency holdings, while Uniswap lets them trade crypto tokens directly with each other without having to use a centralized exchange.
These protocols also open up new opportunities for yield generation and risk management. By staking their crypto assets in lending pools or providing liquidity to decentralized exchanges, users can earn interest on their digital assets while helping to power the DeFi ecosystem.
And because these protocols are built on the Ethereum blockchain, they offer a high degree of transparency and security not found in traditional financial systems.
What are some popular DeFi protocols?
There are currently over 2,000 DeFi protocols live on Ethereum, with new projects launching all the time. Some of the most popular protocols include:
MakerDAO: Maker is a decentralized lending platform that issues the Dai stablecoin, which is pegged to the US dollar. Users can collateralize ETH or other ERC-20 tokens to generate Dai, which can be used for payments or traded on decentralized exchanges.
Compound: Compound is a protocol that lets users earn interest on their cryptocurrency holdings. Users can supply ETH or other ERC-20 tokens as collateral and earn interest in the form of COMP tokens.
Uniswap: Uniswap is a decentralized exchange protocol that allows users to trade ETH and ERC-20 tokens directly with each other without having to use a centralized exchange. Users can also provide liquidity to Uniswap trading pairs and earn UNI tokens in return.
Synthetix: Synthetix is a synthetic asset platform that allows users to trade synthetic versions of real-world assets like gold, silver, oil, and even bitcoin (sBTC). These synthetic assets are backed by SNX tokens, which can be staked by users to earn staking rewards.
Aave: Aave is a protocol for lending and borrowing cryptocurrencies. Users can deposit ETH or other ERC-20 tokens into Aave’s liquidity pools and earn interest in AAVE tokens.
Or, they can take out loans against their crypto collateral and repay them with interest over time.
These are just a few of the most popular DeFi protocols currently live on Ethereum. For a complete list of projects, check out DeFi Pulse or The Block’s list of leading DeFi protocols.
Conclusion: Decentralized finance refers to the shift from traditional financial systems to peer-to-peer finance enabled by decentralized technologies built on blockchains like Ethereum.